International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) 2023 Problems with Solutions

 The 64th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) 2023 was held in Chiba, Japan, from July 2 to July 13, 2023. This prestigious competition brought together top high school mathematicians from around the world.


IMO 2023 Overview

  • Host Country: Japan (Chiba)
  • Dates: July 2–13, 2023
  • Participants: 618 students from 112 countries
  • Format: Two-day exam with six problems (each day: 3 problems in 4.5 hours)
  • Scoring: Each problem is worth 7 points, leading to a total of 42 points.

Question Pattern & Topics

IMO problems are designed to test deep mathematical insight and problem-solving skills. The questions are divided into six broad areas:

1. Algebra

  • Functional equations
  • Polynomials
  • Inequalities (AM-GM, Cauchy-Schwarz, etc.)
  • Sequences and series

2. Combinatorics

  • Counting principles
  • Graph theory
  • Pigeonhole principle
  • Recursion and induction

3. Geometry

  • Euclidean geometry (circles, triangles, quadrilaterals)
  • Transformations (inversion, homothety, etc.)
  • Coordinate geometry

4. Number Theory

  • Prime numbers and divisibility
  • Modular arithmetic
  • Diophantine equations
  • Congruences

Example Problem from IMO 2023

One of the IMO 2023 problems was:

Problem 1 (Algebra - Functional Equations)
Find all functions f:R→Rf: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} such that for all real numbers x,yx, y,

f(f(x)+y)=f(f(x)−y)+4f(x)yf(f(x) + y) = f(f(x) - y) + 4f(x)y

(Solution requires deep understanding of functional equations and algebraic manipulation.)


Results of IMO 2023

  • Top 3 Countries:

    1. China – Gold Medals: 6 (Total: 240 points)
    2. USA – Gold Medals: 6 (Total: 212 points)
    3. South Korea – Gold Medals: 6 (Total: 208 points)
  • India’s Performance:

    • 2 Gold, 3 Silver, 1 Bronze
    • Total Score: 165

Key Takeaways for Future Participants

  • Master advanced problem-solving techniques.
  • Practice past IMO problems.
  • Focus on writing clear and rigorous proofs.
  • Train in time management to complete difficult problems within 4.5 hours.


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